Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system reacts to substances such as pollen, dust mites, mould, or animal allergens. It can cause sneezing, an itchy or runny nose, nasal blockage, and itchy watery eyes. Symptoms may be seasonal or present throughout the year depending on the trigger and the person’s exposure.
Match the treatment to the symptom pattern
Reducing exposure can help when a trigger is identifiable, though avoiding every allergen is rarely realistic. Antihistamines may help itching, sneezing, and runny nose. Intranasal corticosteroid sprays are often used for persistent nasal inflammation and blockage, but they work best with regular use and correct technique; benefit may build over several days rather than appearing immediately.
Saline spray or irrigation may help clear mucus and allergens. For a rinse, use distilled or sterile water, or previously boiled and cooled water, and clean the device as instructed. Eye symptoms may require separate treatment. A pharmacist or clinician can help choose among products based on age, pregnancy, other conditions, and medicines already being used.
Using nasal sprays correctly
Gently clear the nose first if possible. Keep the head slightly forward, aim the nozzle outward toward the ear rather than directly at the middle wall of the nose, and breathe in gently according to the product instructions. Directing the spray at the septum can increase irritation and nosebleeds. Ask for a demonstration if the technique is unclear.
Decongestant sprays are different from steroid sprays. Some decongestants should only be used for a short period because overuse can cause rebound congestion. Do not combine several medicines with similar ingredients without checking the labels or asking a pharmacist.
When to review the plan
Seek medical advice if symptoms affect sleep or daily life, treatment does not help despite correct use, the diagnosis is uncertain, or asthma symptoms worsen. A specialist may consider allergy testing or other options when the history is unclear or symptoms remain difficult to control.
Wheezing or throat tightness with swelling of the lips or tongue, or difficulty breathing, may indicate a severe allergic reaction and requires emergency care. Routine hay-fever symptoms should not be used to explain sudden severe breathing problems.
Common questions
Are steroid nasal sprays the same as decongestant sprays? No. They work differently and have different usage guidance. Follow the label and the clinician’s instructions for the specific product.
Can allergic rhinitis be cured permanently? Symptoms can often be controlled, but the best plan depends on the trigger, severity, and individual response; no single treatment suits everyone.
Explore our ENT second-opinion consultation page for more information about this care option. A clinician can advise based on the individual history and examination findings.
Related reading
Sources and further reading
Related research involving Dr. Mohannad Almomani
A 2025 paper co-authored by Dr. Mohannad Almomani explored allergic rhinitis in relation to middle-ear effusion; this research context should not be used to infer an individual diagnosis.