A vestibular schwannoma is a usually non-cancerous growth involving the nerve that carries sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain. It often grows slowly. Symptoms may include hearing that gradually worsens in one ear, one-sided tinnitus or imbalance, although these symptoms have many other causes and most people with them do not have a schwannoma. Persistent asymmetric hearing changes deserve proper assessment.
Symptoms and why they need context
A common presentation is hearing loss that affects one ear more than the other. Some people notice tinnitus, imbalance or difficulty understanding speech on the affected side. Severe spinning vertigo is not always present. Sudden hearing loss should be assessed urgently regardless of the cause; do not wait for a routine appointment because you suspect a slow-growing condition.
Tests used in assessment
A hearing test establishes the type and degree of hearing difference. If the pattern suggests an underlying nerve-related cause, a clinician may recommend MRI focused on the internal auditory canals and surrounding structures. Not everyone needs the same investigations. The clinician can explain why a test is being considered, what it can show and how the result would affect decisions.
Monitoring and treatment options
Management depends on size, growth, symptoms, age, general health and the person’s preferences. Options may include monitoring with repeat imaging and hearing tests, focused radiation treatment or surgery in selected cases. Each option has possible benefits and risks, including effects on hearing, balance and facial nerve function. The best choice is individualised through discussion with the specialist team.
When to seek help
Arrange an assessment for persistent one-sided hearing loss, one-sided tinnitus or unexplained imbalance. Sudden hearing loss, new facial weakness, severe headache or new neurological symptoms need urgent care. A vestibular schwannoma is only one possible explanation, and an assessment is intended to identify or exclude causes that require different action.
Frequently asked questions
Is a vestibular schwannoma cancer? It is usually benign, meaning non-cancerous, but it can still affect important nerves depending on its size and location.
Does one-sided tinnitus mean I have one? No. There are many causes of tinnitus. Persistent one-sided symptoms should be assessed, but they do not prove a tumour.
Will treatment restore hearing? Not necessarily. Treatment aims vary and hearing outcomes depend on the condition and the chosen approach.
Explore our otology consultation page for more information about this care option. A clinician can advise based on the individual history and examination findings.
Related reading
- Sudden Hearing Loss: Why Urgent Assessment Matters
- Hearing Tests: What to Expect and What Results Mean
- Tinnitus: Common Causes, Assessment and Ways to Cope