An adult earache may be caused by an infection, wax, skin inflammation, jaw problems, or pain referred from the teeth or throat. Because symptoms overlap, examination matters—particularly when pain is severe, recurrent, or accompanied by discharge or a change in hearing.
Symptoms vary by the affected area
Outer-ear infection often causes canal tenderness, itching, discharge, or pain when the outer ear is moved. Middle-ear infection may follow a cold and cause deeper pain, fever, pressure, or muffled hearing. These patterns can guide an assessment but cannot confirm the diagnosis without looking in the ear.
What the clinician checks
The clinician may inspect the canal and eardrum, check the area behind the ear, and ask about swimming, skin conditions, ear surgery, diabetes, or immune suppression. Hearing tests or additional investigations may be considered if symptoms persist, recur, or suggest a complication.
When symptoms are concerning
Seek urgent review for swelling or redness behind the ear, severe or rapidly worsening pain, fever with marked illness, facial weakness, significant dizziness, or new sudden hearing loss. People with diabetes or weakened immunity should seek advice earlier if the canal is painful or swollen.
Frequently asked questions
Can an ear infection cause dizziness? It can, but significant or new dizziness has several possible causes and should be assessed, especially with hearing changes.
Should I keep the ear dry? For some outer-ear conditions, avoiding water can help while it heals. Follow the advice given for your specific diagnosis.
Can jaw or dental problems feel like an ear infection? Yes. Pain from the jaw, teeth, or throat can be felt in the ear, so an examination may be needed when the ear looks normal.
Related reading
- Ear Pain With a Normal Ear Examination: Referred Pain Explained
- Ear Discharge: Common Causes and When to Seek Care